Recently, banks and financial institutions have paid more and more attention to Operational risk management. As Basel and other risk management frameworks have acknowledged, risk identification is considered as the first step of risk management process. Although estimating the risk of coverage capital is considered the ultimate goal of risk measurement and risk assessment, there is no doubt that risk management and control requires identification of the Risks and factors causing them, as well as their causal mechanisms. In the present paper, a methodology was developed to map Operational Risks, risk factors, risk consequences and their causal links. Process based approach was used for risk mapping, and fuzzy cognitive map was introduced as risk mapping tool which is an expert based structuring technique and does not rely on Operational risk data bases. Then, risk partitions were determined and finally a set of risk control policies were examined as three different scenarios.

One of the most important factors of socio-economic development in any country is the quality of electricity sources. Considering the sensitivity of electronic devices and the dependence of most activities on electricity, providing sustainable energy in the urban system is very important. Therefore, a comprehensive view of the factors causing disturbances in the electricity distribution network is very valuable in order to prevent any electricity losses. The goal of the current research is to identify, evaluate and prioritize Operational Risks in the aerial electricity distribution network. Any Operational risk is a potential cause of the incident that leads to an unplanned outage. In this study, by reviewing the research literature, incidents recorded in the electricity distribution network incident registration system (known as the 121 system), and conducting interviews, 21 Operational risk cases have been listed and approved by experts. On the other hand, to solve the limitations of the FMEA method, by combining the BWM method and using the knowledge of experts (completion of the questionnaire), evaluation and prioritization were done with more differentiation. The results showed that from the point of view of experts, the intensity index is critical (0.475). Also, three Operational Risks with high priority in the electricity distribution network of Yazd province include; Failure in concrete foundations, the impact of foreign objects, and failure in transformers. Statistics emphasize that high-priority Risks are responsible for 27% of unplanned outages in the last ten years. Operators and managers of electricity distribution companies can consider high-priority Risks and provide solutions to reduce, eliminate or transfer Risks. In this case, in addition to minimizing unplanned outages in the network and selling more electricity, customer satisfaction is achieved.

Background and Aim: the work nature of an air maintenance organizations is in such a way that they always face the occurrence of accidents and the necessity of carrying out a proper risk assessment. One of these is the process of maintenance and repair in these organizations, but as it is evident from the definition of risk, it is always associated with uncertainty. Accordingly, it should be noted that performing risk assessment measures should be consistent with the principles that can cover this uncertainty. method: in this research, identification and prioritization of risk factors for aircraft operating process in maintenance of the organization is studied. For this purpose, after the design of a multi-stage fuzzy inference system, basic criteria and sub-criteria were selected by Air Field experts using the brainstorming technique, including product realization, infrastructures, technology, Operational processes and human resource. Finding: this implementation causes the identification of five general indicators and seventeen sub-indicators of influencing risk factors in this industry, it showed that the most effectiveness in the risk area includes technical and Operational processes (98. 35) and the lowest effectiveness is in the field of products realization (66. 32). Conclusion: using fuzzy expert system modeled in this study, which by changing the input and observing the output easily can determine the importance of them and try to address the problems and present corrective and preventive actions in the field of safety engineering and Operational and technical risk analysis of the organization at each stage of work processes.

In today's world, payment companies face security threats, regulatory changes, economic crises, and technological developments that can significantly impact their performance and sustainability. The aim of this study is to analyze the roleof Business Continuity Management (BCM) systems in mitigating these Risks and enhancing Operational and economic resilience. The research method is descriptive-survey, and data were collected through questionnaires designed for managers and senior experts in payment companies. The results indicate that BCM systems are effectively influential in reducing both Operational and economic Risks. Moreover, these systems contribute to improved economic performance in payment companies by enhancing crisis management processes and reducing the costs associated with disruptions. This study underscores the importance of implementing BCM systems in payment companies and recommends their continuous updating to remain effective against emerging threats

In accordance with Basel Committee definition, Operational Risk is the exposure of inadequacy of the processes, people and internal systems or external events. Operational risk management is an ongoing process in the organization, although implementation of enterprise risk management depends on goal setting, planning and organizing. There are some barriers and obstacles against the efforts for Operational risk management that this research firstly wants to identify, then prioritize them using a qualitative method namely Delphi method and Friedman test as a Non-parametric method respectively. If risk managers find the main obstacles that prevent the implementation of Operational risk management, they could easily control them.

Nowadays, advances in information and communication technologies, has provided an opportunity for banks to provide their electronic services to their customers in remote areas. This technological innovation by E–banking systems has brought about many benefits to customers while it has been accompanied by a number of Risks including the Operational ones. This Risks need to be identified and managed by the Banks.The present research identifies, compares, and ranks factors affecting Operational E-banking Risks in viewpoints of customers and employees of Kermanshah Melli bank. To this end, a questionnaire was distributed to 300 employees and 384 customers of Kermanshah Melli bank by applying random cluster data collection method.The method of this study is descriptive- survey research. The study period covered the second half of the year of 2012. One-Sample T-Test, Friedman ranking Test and Independent Samples Test were employed to test hypotheses, to rank factors affecting Operational Risks and to compare the amount of effective factors on the Operational Risks of electronic banking among employees and customers Melli Bank respectively. The results indicate that hypotheses (1-5) support effects the factors (data accuracy, internal controls, technological infrastructure, access to systems, and security) have on Melli bank Operational E-banking Risks, hypothesis (6) ranks each of the 5-fold factors. In the security factors employees’ opinion is more effective than customers, but in factors (Data accuracy, Technological infrastructures) the trend is reversed. The study also includes recommendations in order to manage and lower Operational E-banking Risks.

evaluating the method of contractual distribution of project implementation responsibilities and Risks between the parties to the EPC contracts as one of the most important methods of risk management, commands abundant importance. In this paper, by examining the specific EPC document of the oil industry and comparing it with the industrial EPC document (5490 journal) as well as the FIDIC EPC turnkey, with the aim of evaluating the method of contractual distribution of the technical, engineering, and Operational Risks in these documents, We will answer the question of to what extent the compilation of the specific EPC document of the oil industry in establishing a balance between benefits and the responsibilities of the parties to the contract have been successful? The results of the comparative study confirm that although the completion of contractual vacancies and revision in 5490 journal causes more efficient and equitable contractual distribution of Risks between employer and the contractor in the specific EPC document of the oil industry toward the unilateral transfer of technical, engineering and Operational Risks to the contractor in 5490 journal, but balancing the technical, engineering and Operational Risks between the employer and the contractor, like the approach adopted in FIDIC, still needs revision about method of contractual transfer of Risks among contracting parties in this document.

Considering the importance of investment in renewable energies and the numerous uses of this technology in the agriculture sector, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the decision-making process in renewable energies investment in the agricultural sector in Iran. This study is a non-experimental survey research in which structural equations modeling method was used for data analysis (LISREL 8. 72). The statistical population consisted of 130 investors of active companies in the area of renewable energies in the agriculture sector throughout Iran. Using Krejcie and Morgan Table as well as simple random sampling method, 97 (n= 97) individuals were chosen as the sample size. The main data collection instrument was questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. To measure the reliability of the research tool, 30 copies of the questionnaire were completed by active investors in the area of renewable energies as well as the experts of Iranian Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Organization. Then, Cronbach Alpha coefficient was calculated by SPSS 22 for different sections of the completed questionnaire, which showed a good reliability. Based on the results, since the calculated Composite Reliability (CR) index was larger than 0. 6 and the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) was larger than 0. 5 for each of the five external and internal latent studied variables, the latent variables had convergent and divergent validity. The results indicated that among the studied variables, knowledge of renewable energy technology, a priori beliefs, market policy preferences, institutional pressure, and attitude toward radical technological innovations had the greatest impact on the renewable energies investment decision-making process in the agriculture sector, respectively.